Mobile Communications For Any Situation. Part Two (Theft Alarm Mod)
Modification for an Alinco DR-635 Dual band radio for the theft alarm feature. it could also apply towards a field expedient intrusion alarm.
Duration : 0:9:19
Categories: Mobile Communications Tags: ad, alarm, Ali, also, and, ap, app, at, Ban, band, catastrophe, Comm, communic, communication, communications, die, Disasters, EMCOMM, emergency, en, fi, Field, for, if, in, IT, la, M, mobile, Mobile Communication, Mobile Communications, mod, mr, Muni, nic, on, Preparedness, prepper, radio, SHTF, Survival, Survivalist, the, to, two, UL, UN, war, WROL, xp, you, youtube
In mobile communications what does GPS and GPRS mean?
GPS = Global Positioning Satellite aka Sat Nav
GPRS = General Packet Radio System, this is used to send data such as picture messages and WAP browsing (WAP being Wireless Access Protocol aka surfing the web on the phone).
Categories: Mobile Communications Tags: access, ad, and, ap, as, at, av, ces, Comm, communic, communication, communications, Da, Data, en, fi, gen, glob, global, GPRS, GPS, ICT, in, is, IT, K, M, me, Message, messages, mobile, Mobile Communication, Mobile Communications, Muni, nav, nic, on, One, os, phone, pro, protocol, radio, satellite, SEN, SS, surf, system, the, This, to, UC, UN, Use, WAP, web, what, wi, wire, Wireless
Why Did My Call Drop?
Call drop.
Why did my call drop? . “I was just talking on my phone, and all of a sudden – ‘call failed’. This phone/network/life sucks”.
Reality is, it’s WAY more complicated than that. People that don’t have a grasp of what actually goes into a cell network or actually processing a call seem to have a tremendously simple view of what happens, and as consumers, they have that right. After nearly 100 years of standard landline service, where the POTS reliability neared 100%, customers have come to expect that when they hit ‘send’ on their cell phone, the call will process with the same reliability as their landline phone. Unfortunately, that’s just not the case. There are approximately 12-15 things that have to happen every second for that phone to make or receive a call, and if any ONE of those things fails to happen, or happens out of sequence, either the call quality will seriously degrade, or it will call drop. Frankly, to me it is a miracle that these things work perfectly nearly as often as they do.
Consider one cell tower. That tower’s coverage area depends on several things. Height is one, and generally the higher the tower, the more square mileage it will cover. This can be affected by plenty of things, from the downtilt of the antennas to the actual landscape around said tower.
Other things affect call drop.
Usage is another factor. A tower is divided into three 120˚ sectors, and each sector can generally handle a certain number of users at one time – the radio spectrum assigned to it is subdivided into channels (gross simplification) and one call uses one channel, let us say, plus there is generally one signaling channel, which is used by the tower to tell a phone when a call or text message comes in, and it is used by the phone to tell the tower ‘here I am’. If all the channels are being used, and you try to make a call, your phone might well have full service, but you will call drop because there is simply no space to process the call. Usually, network RF engineers try to accommodate this, and will design the network in a crowded urban environment with smaller cells closer together so as to handle more traffic. Sometimes networks get more crowded due to a special event, like the Superbowl, or a natural disaster, like a hurricane, and the engineers will bring in a small, portable cell tower to handle the temporary overload. A good example of this was in early fall 2005 in Lafayette, LA; Verizon’s local network became overloaded due to a large influx of refugees from New Orleans and Lake Charles, and Verizon’s network engineers brought in several Cell On Wheels (COWs) which handled the network overflow beautifully. Call-failed percentages dropped drastically after this happened.
No more ‘call drop’.
Categories: Mobile Communications Tags: 12, 200, act, ad, Ali, all, and, antenna, antennas, ap, app, area, as, at, av, Ban, Bo, but, call, calls, Can, case, cell, cell phone, ces, charles, comes, Comm, consumer, consumers, coverage, custom, customer, customers, Da, de, design, drop, dropped, en, Engine, env, environment, ERF, Event, every, exam, fi, flo, for, Frank, FROM, full, gen, get, good, GS, happens, have, hear, high, higher, HR, if, in, into, ip, iphone, is, IT, K, la, lan, land, LED, life, like, local, los, low, M, make, mate, me, Message, mod, my, nas, nat, Near, net, Network, networks, new, no, not, of, on, One, os, over, people, phone, PLI, plus, port, Portable, pro, Processing, quality, radio, real, rig, Rio, ROM, Ron, sc, second, SEN, service, sim, simple, small, space, special, Spectrum, square, SS, super, table, talk, talking, ted, Temporary, text, that, the, their, they, This, Through, Tilt, time, to, tower, traffic, TRI, two, UC, UL, UM, UN, up, usa, Use, user, users, uses, verizon, what, wi, will, With, work, xp, you, your
Mobile Communications For Any Situation. Part one (TX Mod)
Modification of an Alinco DR-635 dual band radio (144/440Mgz) to expanded transmit capability (MARS/CAP) 137Mgz-175Mgz, 420Mgz-480Mgz range. Their are many other dual band radios with the same capabilities and more, this one is just one I stuck with as a simple, easy to use, no frills mobile radio.
There are many other radio bands to use, this is a small slice I like to use because of its proximity to Fire/Law/EMS/Govt frequencies for monitoring. It’s close to FRS, MURS, and GMRS frequencies as well.
Nothing wrong with our CB and longer wavelength cousins, antenna construction and size limitation gets a little challenging when you are trying to be discreet in those bands. Don’t want to spend the money either.
Duration : 0:9:19
Categories: Mobile Communications Tags: ad, Ali, all, and, antenna, ap, as, at, av, Ban, band, catastrophe, Comm, communic, communication, communications, de, Disasters, don't, easy, EMCOMM, emergency, en, fi, for, get, gm, if, in, is, IT, its, K, la, Law, lg, like, long, los, M, mars, me, mobile, Mobile Communication, Mobile Communications, mod, money, monitoring, mr, Muni, nic, no, not, of, on, One, os, Preparedness, prepper, pro, radio, Ron, sc, SD, SHTF, sim, simple, small, Survival, Survivalist, the, their, This, to, UC, UN, Use, WAN, wi, With, WROL, xp, you, youtube
Mobile Communications For Any Situation. Part one (TX Mod)
Modification of an Alinco DR-635 dual band radio (144/440Mgz) to expanded transmit capability (MARS/CAP) 137Mgz-175Mgz, 420Mgz-480Mgz range. Their are many other dual band radios with the same capabilities and more, this one is just one I stuck with as a simple, easy to use, no frills mobile radio.
There are many other radio bands to use, this is a small slice I like to use because of its proximity to Fire/Law/EMS/Govt frequencies for monitoring. It’s close to FRS, MURS, and GMRS frequencies as well.
Nothing wrong with our CB and longer wavelength cousins, antenna construction and size limitation gets a little challenging when you are trying to be discreet in those bands. Don’t want to spend the money either.
Duration : 0:9:19
Categories: Mobile Communications Tags: ad, Ali, all, and, antenna, ap, as, at, av, Ban, band, catastrophe, Comm, communic, communication, communications, de, Disasters, don't, easy, EMCOMM, Emergency Communications, en, fi, for, get, gm, if, in, is, IT, its, K, la, Law, like, long, los, M, mars, me, mobile, Mobile Communication, Mobile Communications, mod, money, monitoring, mr, Muni, nic, no, not, of, on, One, os, Preparedness, prepper, pro, radio, Ron, sc, SHTF, sim, simple, small, Survival, Survivalist, the, their, This, to, UC, UN, Use, WAN, wi, With, WROL, xp, you, youtube
CIPHONE CECT I9+ DUAL SIM MOBILE PHONE PDA AVAILABLE I9 3G TV JAVA TOUCH
rofen.hk@gmail.com
* Dual sim card work on the same time
* Bluetooth
* Unlock with sliding
* Gravity Inducer
* Hand shaking function
* Battery can be removed
* E-book reader
* FM Radio
* MP3,MP4
* Language :Chinese/English/French/Spanish/Portugues/Italian/Vietname/Turkish/Russian/Arabic
Features
1.3.2/16:9 inch, 260k QVGA ; PX: 240*400
2.300 group contacts
3.T-Flash Card Suphporting,1GB TF for free ,support to extend TF card to 8G maximally
4.0.3 Mega pixel camera for Picture & Video capability,solomobi.com test put out biggest size is 640*480
5. Stereo Loud speaker, 64 chord ring tone
6. MP3 & MP4 player
7. GPRS & WAP connectivity, MMS Transceive
8. U disk support function to keep the information storage
9. Bluetooth
10.FM radio
11.calendar,To do list,Alarm,World Clock,Spotwatch
12.caller picture,caller Ring Tone
13. Telephone directories:300groups of contacts, support incoming call with big head sticker,group ring an Messages &Multimedia messaging: SMS, support MMS; can use downloaded MP3 as SMS rings
14. Schedule power on/off: support to start/close under set time
15. Alarm clock: 5groups, support alarm clock when machines closed, can set from Monday to Sunday
16. Games: support JAVA
17.MP3/MP4/Handsfree/SMS group sending/Voice recorder/WAP/Handwritten input/Radio/Bluetooth/GPRS download/MMS/Memory extended/E-book/calendar/alarm clock/calculator/stopwatch/world time/memo/E-book reader/Unit converter/Currency Converter/Hand shaking/Gravity inducer….
Duration : 0:7:3
Categories: PDA Reviews Tags: 1g, 30, 3G, 4.0, 5g, 60, 8g, act, ad, alarm, Ali, all, and, ap, as, at, att, av, battery, bluetooth, Bo, Book, calendar, call, camera, Can, car, Card, cect, Chinese, clock, connect, contact, Da, day, de, direct, download, en, English, extended, flash, FM, for, free, FROM, fun, game, games, gb, gm, GPRS, gravity, Group, groups, GS, hands, handsfree, hp, I68+, ICT, in, INFO, information, ip, iphone, is, IT, K, la, lan, language, las, layer, los, M, mac, me, media, Message, messages, Messaging, mobile, mobile phone, mp3, multi, multimedia, NEC, of, OI, on, One, os, pda, phone, play, player, port, radio, read, ROM, sc, SEN, sim, sms, solo, Speak, speaker, Spot, SS, Start, stereo, storage, Sunday, support, telephone, test, the, time, to, too, Top, touch, tv, UC, UL, UN, up, Use, video, voice, WAP, Watch, wi, With, work, World, you, youtube
New CECT i9 Quadband Unlocked Dual Sim PDA Smart phone
This CECT i9 mobile phone is affordable DUAL GSM lines. The i9 is equiped with 3.2 inch high definition flat touch screen and 2.0MP camera, supports mp3/mp4 player function. Other functions include bluetooth, GPRS, FM radio, support Mutil-Language interfaces, 1GB TF card and so on. You can receive calls from 2 different SIM by switching the 2 cards, only one SIM card can be online each time.
Duration : 0:8:14
Categories: PDA Reviews Tags: 1g, 2.0, ad, all, and, at, Ban, band, bluetooth, call, calls, camera, Can, car, Card, cards, cect, Cell+phone, ces, Da, de, definition, en, ERF, FACE, fi, FM, for, Ford, FROM, fun, gb, GPRS, GS, gsm, high, if, in, interface, ip, is, IT, K, la, lan, language, layer, M, me, mobile, mobile phone, mp3, new, on, One, online, only, pda, phone, play, player, port, quad, Quadband, radio, ROM, rts, sc, screen, sim, smart phone, support, switch, Switching, the, This, time, to, too, touch, touch screen, UC, UN, Unlocked, up, vx, wi, With, you, youtube
Lecture 9 – Mobile Radio Propagation Contd
Lecture Series on Wireless Communications by Dr.Ranjan Bose, Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Delhi.
For more details on NPTEL, visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Duration : 0:51:0
Categories: Mobile Communications Tags: ad, at, Bo, Comm, communic, communication, communications, de, details, electrical, en, Engine, engineering, for, in, is, IT, K, lecture, M, me, mobile, Muni, nic, NTD, of, on, os, pro, Propagation, radio, series, SS, TRI, UM, UN, wi, wire, Wireless, you, youtube
Inventors Given Hope on Patents for Business Methods
This is the VOA Special English Economics Report, from http://voaspecialenglish.com | http://facebook.com
/voalearningenglishRecently, the United States Supreme Court decided a case on the property rights of inventors. The question was whether a business method is enough of an invention to receive a patent. Patents are a form of intellectual property. They give legal protections to individuals and companies against the copying of their inventions. Bernard Bilski and Rand Warsaw wanted to patent a method to let traders protect against the risk of price changes in energy markets. The United States Patent and Trademark Office said no. So the inventors went to court. Again they were told no. Finally, the case went all the way to the Supreme Court. In June, all nine justices said no. But they only said no to a patent in this case. Patent lawyer Meredith Martin Addy in Chicago explains that the court ruled narrowly.She said: “The Supreme Court held that there is no categorical rule denying patent protection for business method patents.”When patent laws were first developed, most patents were for machines. But since the late nineteen nineties, inventors of business methods and processes have increasingly sought patent protection. Bernard Bilski and Rand Warsaw brought a lawsuit against the Patent and Trademark Office. Technology companies, especially software makers, watched the case closely. They were concerned that the Supreme Court would require a test of some kind that could limit what can be patented.In its ruling, the court decided against the patent only because the idea was too abstract. Law professor Michael Meurer of Boston University gives a famous example from physics. It involves the relationship of energy, mass and the speed of light, written as the letter c. He said: “The Supreme Court has said, for example, if Albert Einstein determined that E = mc squared — which he did — he never would have been able to get a patent on that. That’s too abstract.” In the Bilski case, the court said patent examiners could consider what is known as the machine-or-transformation test. This is the idea that a patent should be given to a machine or something that creates a material change, like a chemical process. But a majority of justices said patent examiners must also protect innovation. Patent lawyer Meredith Martin Addy says no one wants to suppress creativity. Now, more cases will be needed to define the legal limits of business method patents. Such patents already exist. In March, for example, after re-examination, Amazon.com received a patent for its one-click ordering process. And that’s the VOA Special English Economics Report.
(Adapted from a radio program broadcast 16Jul2010)
Duration : 0:4:1
Categories: Business Communications Tags: act, ad, add, agriculture, all, also, amazon, amazon.com, america, american, and, ap, as, at, av, AWS, Bo, Book, broadcast, business, but, Can, captioned, case, ces, Change, College, communication, controlled, create, culture, Da, de, Development, download, Economic, economics, education, EFL, elementary, en, energy, English, ESL, EU, exam, explain, FACE, Facebook, farming, fi, finance, First, food, for, foreign, FROM, gardening, gen, get, hang, have, health, higher, history, HR, if, in, innovation, intel, international, ip, is, IT, its, justice, K, la, language, Law, learn, Learning, LED, like, linguistics, los, M, mac, make, Mark, market, markets, Martin, mate, me, Medicine, mp3, Music, nat, need, net, news, no, of, office, on, One, only, os, plain, port, pre, Press, price, pro, program, Quest, radio, read, report, rig, Rights, risk, road, ROM, secondary, should, simple, simplified, software, special, speech, SPEED, square, SS, States, students, subtitled, teach, teacher, teaching, Tech, technology, ted, tertiary, test, texts, that, the, their, they, This, to, too, transcripts, tv, u.s., UC, UIT, UL, UN, United, United States, University, up, Use, v3, videos, voa, voice, WAN, war, Watch, what, wi, will, xp, you, youtube
Cell Site Analysis – a Brief Introduction
An introduction into Cell Site Analysis
Technical Background of Cell Site Analysis by Simon Steggles – Mobile Phone Forensics
Cell phones, (or Mobile phones) used today are transceivers which use little power. They combine both a transmitter and a receiver. Although most cell phones, (or Mobile phones), are used to provide a telephone service for the public, they are still radio transmitters and receivers. Because of this, mobile phones, (or mobile phones), behave in the same way that traditional radio equipment does. Mobile phones operate through networks, (which in the UK are run by O2, Vodafone, Orange and T-Mobile). These networks are GSM, (Global Systems for Mobile communications), and are built around an array of transmitters, receiving stations which cover nearly all of the United Kingdom. Many other countries follow this similar rule; however, they may have different networks run by different companies, (Verizon, AT&T etc).
These transmit and receive stations (or beacons), are also known as ‘Cell Sites’. Each cell site consists of multiple receivers and transmitters and of course the relevant aerials associated with each one. These sites are often on masts, can be sited above police stations, schools or other tall buildings, (giving clearer transmissions, therefore clearer line of site transmission).
Each cell site has a reference number and name. Using this information, one can state exactly the area of the cell site. From this we can pin point to a very small area if the suspect phone has been used in this area.
Whenever a mobile phone is ‘on’, it scans the radio frequencies assigned to it by its designated network provider, and then links up the cell that gives it the best coverage. This process is called registration, and is of course necessary for the networks so that they can direct incoming or outgoing calls to the correct phone. When travelling, (for example), a phone may move from one cell site to another. This is achieved by the phone evaluating the signal at all times, and switching over to the appropriate best one. This is also logged by the networks and is known as a ‘handover’. The handover also ensures a continuation of the call, rather than the requirement to redial every time a new better cell site is found.
Network providers positioned their cell sites after carrying out extensive testings on the frequency, geographical position, and potential transmission/reception hazards. Extensive maps of these tests are kept by the network providers, showing the specific cover of each transmitter and receiver.
Even when mobile phones are not executing a call, they are still logged on the network providers systems, ready for their next call/message. This information is not stored historically, however when a call is made or received, it is. When a phone is ‘live’ i.e. switched on and connected to the network providers, it is possible to track it by the non recorded records which get switched on manually.
Geographical locations can be specified for a mobile phone by referring to the call detail records, (CDR’s). This can give you information of which cell site was being used. From checking the records about the specific site in question, it is then possible to find out about if the aerial was a full 360 degrees, or an azimuth of 120 degrees, (these can vary). If the call was coming from aerial 3 on a cell site, then it is right to assume that the specific geographic location of that cell phone is now only a third or the original area it was thought to be in, (e.g. If a call was made from the south of a cell site, then it is likely that the mobile phone was within a reasonable, (varies) distance from the south of that cell site).
Things to take into consideration:
1. Cell Site Analysis is not a proven science. Even if a mobile phone was used in position A, to the south of a cell site, it doesn’t necessarily mean that the phone was actually there. It could well be anywhere up to a theoretical 35Kms away if all the cell sites between the phone and the used cell site had achieved maximum usage, (cell sites can only accommodate a finite amount of traffic at one time) or are not in service.
2. The cell site chosen is not necessarily chosen by the phone, it may be the network ‘re-directing’ the phone to a ‘not so busy’ cell site.
3. Geographical locations may also prevent the usage of a cell site, (large building in the way, dense woodland etc).
The latest system for mobile phones is 3G, (third generation). This relies on UMTS, (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), a faster data transfer system using Duplexing technologies. In the UK 5 licenses were won for the ability to provide these services. These network providers are 3G Technologies, Hutchinson 3G, Orange, Vodafone, O2 and T-Mobile. Although a different style/type of service, UMTS is recorded in the same way as traditional GSM. Handover occurs in the same way between UMTS and GSM as GSM to GSM.
Simon Steggles MBCS
Director
disklabs®
t +44 (0)1827 50000
f +44 (0)1827 66666
m +44 (0)7973 210 895
w http://www.disklabs.com
w http://www.computer-forensics.co.uk
w http://www.mobilephoneforensics.com
w http://www.satnavforensics.com
e mailto:simon.steggles@disklabs.com
Disklabs
http://www.articlesbase.com/cell-phones-articles/cell-site-analysis-a-brief-introduction-135935.html
Categories: Mobile Communications Tags: 3G, 60, 97, About, act, ad, all, also, analysis, and, anywhere, ap, app, area, array, as, at, av, Best, better, Bo, call, calls, Can, car, cell, cell phone, Cell Phones, cell sites, ces, check, clear, Comm, communic, communication, communications, computer, connect, Connected, countries, cours, course, coverage, Da, Data, day, de, Degree, design, direct, distance, en, Event, every, exam, exec, fi, find, fon, for, FROM, full, gen, Generation, get, glob, global, GS, gsm, have, historic, how, HR, if, in, INFO, information, into, ip, is, IT, its, K, la, lan, land, latest, LED, lie, like, link, links, live, low, M, may, me, Message, mobile, Mobile Communication, Mobile Communications, mobile phone, mobile phones, mod, multi, multiple, Muni, nat, nav, Near, NEC, net, Network, networks, new, next, nic, no, not, o2, of, OI, on, One, only, opera, orange, os, over, phone, phones, PIN, poi, point, pre, pro, Provide, provider, providers, public, Quest, radio, Rate, read, reception, rig, rod, ROM, sc, Scans, School, science, SEN, service, Services, show, sim, small, SS, store, style, switch, Switching, system, systems, T-Mobile, take, Tech, technical, technologies, ted, telecom, Telecommunication, telecommunications, telephone, test, testing, that, the, their, then, they, This, Through, time, to, traffic, transmitter, travel, TRI, two, UC, uk, UL, UM, UMTS, UN, United, United Kingdom, up, usa, Use, Using, verizon, Vodafone, wi, With, work, you